Abstract Purpose To evaluate whether the attenuation of mitochondrial Ca2+ overload produced by pharmacological blockade of mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) protects the myocardium against injuries caused by cardiac ischemia and reperfusion (CIR). Methods CIR was induced in adult male Wistar rats (300-350 g) by occlusion of the left anterior descendent coronary artery (10 min), followed by reperfusion (120 min). Rats were treated with different doses of MCU blocker ruthenium red (RuR), administered 5 min before ischemia or reperfusion. Results In untreated rats, the incidences of ventricular arrhythmias (VA), atrioventricular block (AVB) and the lethality (LET) induced by CIR were 85%, 79% and 70%, respectively. In rats treated with RuR before ischemia, the incidences of VA, AVB and LET were significantly reduced to 62%, 25% and 25%, respectively. In rats treated with RuR after ischemia, the incidences of VA, AVB and LET were significantly reduced to 50%, 25% and 25%, respectively. Conclusion The significant reduction of the incidence of CIR-induced VA, AVB and LET produced by the treatment with RuR indicates that the attenuation of mitochondrial Ca2+ overload produced by pharmacological blockade of MCU can protect the myocardium against injuries caused by CIR.

Resumo A infecção de Henneguya nas brânquias de peixes causam o maior contato entres as lamelas branquiais secundárias. Provoca diminuição da superfície de absorção na extremidade dos filamentos, podendo ocasionar danos as brânquias dos peixes infectados. Neste estudo foram analisadas a fresco e com técnicas de microscopia de luz as brânquias de Metynnis lippincottianus. Foi determinada a presença de mixosporídeos Henneguya sp. infectando 80% das brânquias dos peixes hospedeiros. A presença desse ectoparasito causou hiperplasia e fusão das lamelas branquiais, porém sem inflamação no órgão parasitado.

Abstract Infection of fish gills by Henneguya causes greater contact between the secondary gill lamellae, thereby giving rise to decreased absorption surface area at the end of the filaments. This ectoparasite can cause damages on the gills infected fish. In the present study, fresh gills of Metynnis lippincottianus were analyzed using optical microscopy techniques. The myxoporean Henneguya sp. was found to be infecting 80% of the gills of this host fish. Presence of this parasite caused hyperplasia and fusion of the gill lamellae, but without inflammation in the parasitized organ.

RESUMO O livro terceiro da Clavis Prophetarum (Clavis III PT), da autoria do padre António Vieira, na sua tradução portuguesa do ano 2000, constitui o corpus deste trabalho. Para se poder trabalhar este corpus, precisamos de recursos linguísticos eletrónicos formalizados de forma a obter a maior cobertura possível e passíveis de serem utilizados em sistemas adequados. Para o Português dispomos já de recursos dignos de confiança, desenvolvidos desde a década de 90 pelo LabEL5 - Laboratório de Engenharia da Linguagem. Este artigo tem como objetivo principal a elaboração de regras de desambiguação automática das preposições e respetivos sintagmas bem como a avaliação da eficácia da sua aplicação, de forma a permitir posteriores abordagens fiáveis no estudo desta categoria no corpus usando técnicas automáticas. A metodologia utilizada descreve pari passu as anotações, as ocorrências e a criação dos recursos eletrónicos considerados essenciais ao processo de desambiguação.

ABSTRACT The third book of Clavis Prophetarum (Clavis III PT), written by Father António Vieira, in its Portuguese translation published in 2000, is the corpus of this work. To be able to analyse this corpus, we need electronic language resources that are formalised in order to obtain the greatest possible coverage and to be used in appropriate systems. For the Portuguese language, we already have reliable resources, developed since the 90s by LabEL - Laboratory of Language Engineering. The main objective of this article is to develop rules of automatic disambiguation of prepositions and their syntagmata, as well as to assess the effectiveness of their application, in order to allow subsequent reliable approaches in the study of this category in the corpus using automatic techniques. The methodology used describes pari passu annotations, occurrences and the creation of electronic resources considered essential to the disambiguation process.

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the cardioprotective response of the pharmacological modulation of β-adrenergic receptors (β-AR) in animal model of cardiac ischemia and reperfusion (CIR), in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive (NWR) rats. Methods: CIR was induced by the occlusion of left anterior descendent coronary artery (10 min) and reperfusion (75 min). The SHR was treated with β-AR antagonist atenolol (AT, 10 mg/kg, IV) 5 min before CIR, and NWR were treated with β-AR agonist isoproterenol (ISO, 0.5 mg/kg, IV) 5 min before CIR. Results: The treatment with AT increased the incidence of VA, AVB and LET in SHR, suggesting that spontaneous cardioprotection in hypertensive animals was abolished by blockade of β-AR. In contrast, the treatment with ISO significantly reduced the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia, atrioventricular blockade and lethality in NWR (30%, 20% and 20%, respectively), suggesting that the activation of β-AR stimulate cardioprotection in normotensive animals. Serum CK-MB were higher in SHR/CIR and NWR/CIR compared to respective SHAM group (not altered by treatment with AT or ISO). Conclusion: The pharmacological modulation of β-AR could be a new cardioprotective strategy for the therapy of myocardial dysfunctions induced by CIR related to cardiac surgery and cardiovascular diseases.

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the cardioprotective effects of ischemic preconditioning (preIC) and postconditioning (postIC) in animal model of cardiac ischemia/reperfusion. Methods: Adult rats were submitted to protocol of cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and randomized into three experimental groups: cardiac I/R (n=33), preCI + cardiac I/R (n=7) and postCI + cardiac I/R (n=8). After this I/R protocol, the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia (VA), atrioventricular block (AVB) and lethality (LET) was evaluated using the electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis. Results: After reestablishment of coronary blood flow, we observed variations of the ECG trace with increased incidence of ventricular arrhythmia (VA) (85%), atrioventricular block (AVB) (79%), and increase of lethality (70%) in cardiac I/R group. The comparison between I/R + preIC group with I/R group demonstrated significant reduction in VA incidence to 28%, AVB to 0% and lethality to 14%. The comparison of I/R + postIC group with I/R group was observed significance reduction in AVB incidence to 25% and lethality to 25%. Conclusion: The preconditioning strategies produce cardioprotection more efficient that postconditioning against myocardial dysfunctions and lethality by cardiac ischemia and reperfusion.

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate in vivo animal model of cardiac ischemia/reperfusion the cardioprotective activity of pancreatic lipase inhibitor of the orlistat. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were anesthetized, placed on mechanical ventilation and underwent surgery to induce cardiac I/R by obstructing left descending coronary artery followed by reperfusion to evaluation of ventricular arrhythmias (VA), atrioventricular block (AVB) and lethality (LET) with pancreatic lipase inhibitor orlistat (ORL). At the end of reperfusion, blood samples were collected for determination of triglycerides (TG), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB). Results: Treatment with ORL has been able to decrease the incidence of VA, AVB and LET. Besides that, treatment with ORL reduced serum concentrations of CK and LDL, but did not alter the levels of serum concentration of TG, VLDL and HDL. Conclusion: The reduction of ventricular arrhythmias, atrioventricular block, and lethality and serum levels of creatine kinase produced by treatment with orlistat in animal model of cardiac isquemia/reperfusion injury suggest that ORL could be used as an efficient cardioprotective therapeutic strategy to attenuate myocardial damage related to acute myocardial infarction.

En este artículo, los autores se proponen relatar el proceso y analizar los resultados de un enfoque metodológico basado en la construcción de escenarios para perspetivar la Universidad del futuro en las dimensiones de la formación, innovación e investigación y en función de la intensidad valorativa de un conjunto de marcadores: mentes, afectos, autonomía, tecnologías, métodos, organización, edificios, financiamientos, contextos, equipos, comportamientos, empleabilidad, democraticidad y internacionalización, en estudio en el Projeto “Marcadores de formación, innovación e pesquisa para la Universidad de hoy y del prójimo decenio”. El presente texto no incidirá sobre la substancia en estudio, es decir, cómo se ve la evolución de la Universidad en el futuro, pero sobre la metodología de construcción de escenarios prospectivos en sesiones que combinaron una dinámica de taller con la de grupo focal envolviendo a profesores, investigadores y estudiantes. Analizaremos las dificultades y potencialidades de este abordaje, las limitaciones encontradas y los aportes para el estudio global.

Neste artigo, os autores propõem-se relatar o processo e analisar os resultados de uma abordagem metodológica baseada na construção de cenários para perspetivar a Universidade do futuro nas dimensões da formação, inovação e pesquisa e em função da intensidade valorativa de um conjunto de marcadores: mentes, afetos, autonomia, tecnologias, métodos, organização, edifícios, financiamentos, contextos, equipamentos, comportamentos, empregabilidade, democraticidade e internacionalização, em estudo no âmbito do Projeto “Marcadores de formação, inovação e pesquisa para a Universidade de hoje e do próximo decénio”. O presente texto não incidirá sobre a substância da matéria em estudo, ou seja, como é vista a evolução da Universidade no futuro, mas sobre a metodologia de construção de cenários prospetivos em sessões que combinaram uma dinâmica de workshop com a de grupo focal, envolvendo professores, investigadores e estudantes. Analisar-se-ão as dificuldades e potencialidades desta abordagem, as limitações encontradas e os contributos para o estudo global.

In this paper the authors propose to report the process and analyse the results of a scenario-based methodological approach to perceive prospective views for the future of the University in what concerns to education, innovation and research and according to the value intensity given to a set of markers: minds, affects, autonomy, technologies, methods, organization, buildings, funding, contexts, equipments, behaviours, employability, democraticity and internationalization, under study in the Project “Markers of education, innovation and research for the University of today and of the next decade”. The focus of the present text is not the content under discussion, i.e. the prospective view of the evolution of the university in the future; it focuses on the methodology of construction of prospective scenarios in sessions with professors, researchers and students. The methodology of the sessions combined the dynamics of workshop and focus groups. The discussion of results focuses on difficulties, potentialities and limitations of the approach, as well as contributions for the global study.

OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the renal function of patients in an intensive care unit, to identify the predisposing factors for the development of renal failure, and to develop an algorithm to help in the control of the disease.METHOD: exploratory, descriptive, prospective study with a quantitative approach.RESULTS: a total of 30 patients (75.0%) were diagnosed with kidney failure and the main factors associated with this disease were: advanced age, systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, lung diseases, and antibiotic use. Of these, 23 patients (76.6%) showed a reduction in creatinine clearance in the first 24 hours of hospitalization.CONCLUSION: a decline in renal function was observed in a significant number of subjects, therefore, an algorithm was developed with the aim of helping in the control of renal failure in a practical and functional way.

OBJETIVOS: evaluar la función renal de pacientes en una unidad de terapia intensiva, identificar los factores predisponentes al desarrollo de la insuficiencia renal y desarrollar un algoritmo para auxiliar en el control de la enfermedad.MÉTODO: estudio exploratorio, descriptivo y prospectivo, con abordaje cuantitativo.RESULTADOS: 30 pacientes (75,0%) tuvieron diagnóstico de insuficiencia renal y los principales factores asociados a esa enfermedad fueron la edad avanzada, la hipertensión arterial sistémica, la diabetes mellitus, las enfermedades pulmonares y el uso de antibióticos. 23 pacientes (76,6%) presentaron reducción del clearance de creatinina en las primeras 24 horas de internación.CONCLUSIÓN: hubo reducción de la función renal de un expresivo número de sujetos, por tanto, fue elaborado un algoritmo con la finalidad de auxiliar en el control de la insuficiencia renal de forma práctica y funcional.

OBJETIVOS: avaliar a função renal de pacientes em uma unidade de terapia intensiva, identificar os fatores predisponentes ao desenvolvimento da insuficiência renal e desenvolver um algoritmo para auxiliar no controle da doença.MÉTODO: estudo exploratório, descritivo, prospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa.RESULTADOS: trinta pacientes (75,0%) tiveram diagnóstico de insuficiência renal e os principais fatores associados a essa doença foram: a idade avançada, a hipertensão arterial sistêmica, o diabetes mellitus, as doenças pulmonares e o uso de antibióticos. Dos pacientes, 23 (76,6%) apresentaram redução doclearance de creatinina nas primeiras 24 horas de internação.CONCLUSÃO: houve redução da função renal de um expressivo número de sujeitos, portanto, foi desenvolvido um algoritmo com a finalidade de auxiliar o controle da insuficiencia renal de forma prática e funcional.

OBJETIVOS: avaliar a função renal de pacientes em uma unidade de terapia intensiva, identificar os fatores predisponentes ao desenvolvimento da insuficiência renal e desenvolver um algoritmo para auxiliar no controle da doença.MÉTODO: estudo exploratório, descritivo, prospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa.RESULTADOS: trinta pacientes (75,0%) tiveram diagnóstico de insuficiência renal e os principais fatores associados a essa doença foram: a idade avançada, a hipertensão arterial sistêmica, o diabetes mellitus, as doenças pulmonares e o uso de antibióticos. Dos pacientes, 23 (76,6%) apresentaram redução doclearance de creatinina nas primeiras 24 horas de internação.CONCLUSÃO: houve redução da função renal de um expressivo número de sujeitos, portanto, foi desenvolvido um algoritmo com a finalidade de auxiliar o controle da insuficiencia renal de forma prática e funcional.

OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the renal function of patients in an intensive care unit, to identify the predisposing factors for the development of renal failure, and to develop an algorithm to help in the control of the disease.METHOD: exploratory, descriptive, prospective study with a quantitative approach.RESULTS: a total of 30 patients (75.0%) were diagnosed with kidney failure and the main factors associated with this disease were: advanced age, systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, lung diseases, and antibiotic use. Of these, 23 patients (76.6%) showed a reduction in creatinine clearance in the first 24 hours of hospitalization.CONCLUSION: a decline in renal function was observed in a significant number of subjects, therefore, an algorithm was developed with the aim of helping in the control of renal failure in a practical and functional way.

OBJETIVOS: evaluar la función renal de pacientes en una unidad de terapia intensiva, identificar los factores predisponentes al desarrollo de la insuficiencia renal y desarrollar un algoritmo para auxiliar en el control de la enfermedad.MÉTODO: estudio exploratorio, descriptivo y prospectivo, con abordaje cuantitativo.RESULTADOS: 30 pacientes (75,0%) tuvieron diagnóstico de insuficiencia renal y los principales factores asociados a esa enfermedad fueron la edad avanzada, la hipertensión arterial sistémica, la diabetes mellitus, las enfermedades pulmonares y el uso de antibióticos. 23 pacientes (76,6%) presentaron reducción del clearance de creatinina en las primeras 24 horas de internación.CONCLUSIÓN: hubo reducción de la función renal de un expresivo número de sujetos, por tanto, fue elaborado un algoritmo con la finalidad de auxiliar en el control de la insuficiencia renal de forma práctica y funcional.

O uso de gesso na correção da acidez trocável em subsuperfície tem proporcionado melhoria do ambiente radicular, influenciando positivamente na produtividade das culturas. Portanto, o objetivo foi avaliar o potencial do gesso de origem mineral da região do Araripe, em Pernambuco, na elevação dos teores de Ca trocável e na redução dos teores de Al trocável em subsuperfície e no aumento da produção de biomassa de variedades de capim elefante. Para isto foram cultivadas em campo três variedades de capim elefante: Cameroon, Gramafante e Roxo, na presença e na ausência de gesso mineral em arranjo fatorial (3 x 2) com os tratamentos distribuídos casualmente em 4 blocos. Os teores de Ca2+, S-SO4(2-), Al3+ e sua saturação não foram influenciados pela aplicação de gesso mineral na camada subsuperficial. A aplicação de gesso mineral reduziu o pH do solo na camada subsuperficial. O cultivo da variedade de capim Cameroon promoveu aumento do pH do solo, redução do teor e da saturação por Al. Os capins elefantes Cameroon e Gramafante apresentaram elevadas produções de matéria seca porém apenas a variedade Cameroon apresentou resposta à aplicação de gesso mineral, que alcançou 33 Mg ha-1.

The use of gypsum in context of exchangeable acidity in subsurface has provided the improvement of root environment, positive influence on crop yields. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of the mined gypsum from the Araripe region in increasing the exchangeable Ca and also the reduction of exchangeable Al in subsurface, and increase in biomass production of varieties of elephant grass. The experiment was composed of three varieties of elephant grass, such as, Cameroon, Gramafante and Roxo in the presence and absence of mined gypsum through a factorial arrangement (3 x 2), with treatments arranged in 4 randomized blocks. The levels of Ca2+, S-SO4(2-), Al3+ and also its saturation were not affected by the application of mined gypsum in the soil subsurface layer. The application of mined gypsum reduced the pH of the soil subsurface layer. The growing of Cameroon variety promoted the increase in soil pH, reducing the Al saturation. The Cameroon and Gramafante had high dry matter yields, but only the Cameroon variety presented response to application of gypsum, which reached 33 Mg ha-1.

PurposeThe study evaluates the clinical and pathological findings of 16 patients with locally advanced penile carcinoma (PC) submitted to emasculation, and discusses questions related to the usefulness of bilateral orchiectomy.Materials and MethodsBetween 1999 and 2010, 172 patients with PC were treated. Sixteen (9%) underwent emasculation. Data were retrieved from the institution's database including age, ethnicity, date of surgery, residential setting, level of schooling, time to diagnosis, type of reconstruction, complications, tumor stage and grade, vascular and perineural invasion along with invasion of corpus cavernosum, corpus spongiosum, testicles, scrotum and urethra.ResultsA total of 16 patients (average: 63.1 years) with locally advanced PC were included. All were illiterate or semiliterate rural dwellers and 87% were white. The time to diagnosis was 8-12 months. The mean follow-up time was 31.9 months (1-119). By the time of the last follow-up, only seven patients (43.75%) were alive. Tumors were pT4 (n = 6), pT3 (n = 8), pT2 (n = 2), Grade I (n = 5) and Grade II (n = 11). The histopathological examination revealed invasion of the urethra (n = 13), scrotum (n = 5) and testicles (n = 1). The surgical margin was positive in one patient. Six patients (37.5%) had vascular invasion and 11 (68.7%) had perineural invasion. Currently, only one of the former is alive.ConclusionsThe finding of focal microscopic testicular infiltration in only one of 32 testicles, even in the presence of clinically apparent scrotal invasion, suggests that emasculation without bilateral orchiectomy is a safe treatment option for patients with locally advanced PC.

A fístula arteriovenosa (FAV), pós discectomia lombar, é uma complicação rara, potencialmente grave. O recurso ao tratamento endovascular tem sido crescente. Os autores apresentam o caso clínico de uma doente de 58 anos de idade, com FAV ilio-cava iatrogénica e oclusão da artéria ilíaca externa (AIE) direita. Foram efectuadas várias tentativas de cateterização, retrógrada e anterógrada, do eixo arterial ilíaco direito, com progressão sistemática dos fios-guia para a veia cava inferior. Com o auxílio de um Goose neck snare, foi possível enlaçar o fio guia contra-lateral (que já se encontra no eixo venoso) e recolocá-o no eixo arterial. Procedeu-se a angioplastia transluminal da AIE e exclusão de FAV com endoprótese recoberta. Dicas e truques, como o descrito, são de elevada utilidade para o cirurgião vascular.

Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) following lumbar discectomy is an uncommon, threatening complication. Endovascular treatment is increasing worldwide. A 58-years-old woman was admitted with iatrogenic ilio-cava AVF and right external iliac artery (EIA) occlusion. Several attempts, retrograde and antegrade, to cross EIA occlusion failed, with both guidewires progressing to vena cava. Goose neck snare was used to snare contralateral guidewire (on venous system) and it was exteriorized on femoral artery, followed by EIA angioplasty and endograft exclusion of the AVF. Tips and tricks, like the one described, are essential for any vascular surgeon.

Os aneurismas da artéria renal (AAR) são raros, frequentemente assintomáticos, de etiologia variada, frequentemente secundários a aterosclerose e anomalias congénitas. Os AAR com diâmetro superior a 2 cm têm indicação cirúrgica. A escolha da técnica cirúrgica depende da localização anatómica e complexidade do AAR, bem como do tempo previsível de isquemia renal. Os autores descrevem um caso de auto-transplante renal, para tratamento de dois AAR complexos.

Renal artery aneurysms (RAA) are rare, frequently asymptomatic, with variable etiology, frequently due to atherosclerosis and congenital anomalies. Surgical treatment is indicated for RAA with a diameter greater to 2 cm. Surgical technique will depend on RAA anatomic localization and complexity, as well as, predicted renal isquemic time. The authors report an auto-transplant for treatment of two complex RAA.

RESUMO O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o rendimento volumétrico e energético produzido por três diferentes clones de híbridos de Eucalyptus sp.: C39 Híbrido de Eucalyptus urophylla (cruzamento natural); C41 Híbrido de Eucalyptus urophylla (cruzamento natural) e C11 Híbrido de Eucalyptus brassiana (cruzamento natural). Para a quantificação do volume de madeira foi utilizado o processo de cubagem rigorosa pelo método de Smalian. A densidade básica da madeira e o poder calorífico foram determinados, respectivamente pelas normas ABNT (1984 e 2003). O consumo de lenha foi obtido por meio do acompanhamento da calcinação da gipsita. O delineamento utilizado no experimento foi o inteiramente aleatório. As produtividades volumétricas de tais clones foram, respectivamente, 158,46, 132,20 e 164,89 m³/ha aos 7,5 anos de idade, apresentando rendimentos durante a calcinação da gipsita de 0,16, 0,10 e 0,13 metros cúbicos de lenha por tonelada de gesso produzida, quando a lenha foi utilizada em forma de toras. Para a lenha em cavacos os rendimentos foram de 0,11, 0,08 e 0,09 metros cúbicos por tonelada de gesso, resultados bem acima dos melhores rendimentos da lenha de vegetação nativa, que são de 0,16 metros cúbicos por tonelada.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the volumetric efficiency and energy produced by three different hybrid clones of Eucalyptus sp. C39 Hybrid Eucalyptus urophylla (natural crossing); C41 Hybrid Eucalyptus urophylla (natural crossing) and C11 Hybrid Eucalyptus brassiana (natural crossing). The Smalian method was used to quantify the volume of wood. The basic wood density and the calorific value were determined in accordance with their respective Brazilian Association of Technical Standards (1984 and 2003). The firewood consumption was obtained through the monitoring the calcination of gypsum. The statistical analysis was done considering a complete randomized design. The volumetric productivity of these 7.5 year-old clones were 158.46, 132.20 and 164.89 m³/ha, respectively. The amount of wood cubic meters, in form of logs, necessary for the calcinations of one ton of gypsum was 0.16, 0.10 and 0.13. However, when wood chips were used, quantities used were 0.11, 0.08 and 0.09 cubic meters per ton. These results of the calcination efficiency using wood chips were better than the best result obtained using the wood of native vegetation that was 0.16 cubic meters per ton.